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Several popes are regarded by historians as illiterate, including: * Pope Zephyrinus (199–217); St. Hippolytus of Rome wrote "Pope Zephyrinus was illiterate" (Hippol. p. 284, ed. Miller).〔Christopher Wordsworth. 1887. ''A Church History, Volume 1''. p. 290.〕 * Pope Adrian IV (1154–1159); George Washington Dean writes: "Adrian IV., the only English Pope, had been an illiterate servant in a monastery at Avignon."〔George Washington Dean. 1890. ''Lectures on the Evidences of Revealed Religion''. p. 459.〕 * Pope Celestine V (1294); Sir Maxwell Herbert writes of Celestine V: "On the commemoration day of S. Paul, Celestinus the Fifth was created Pope, who , albeit illiterate, was the priest and confessor of his predecessor."〔Maxwell Herbert. 2009. ''The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346: Translated, with Notes''. p. 107.〕 * Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362); It was written of Innocent VI that "the new pope was so illiterate that he looked upon Petrarch as a magician, and this disfavor is supposed to have caused the poet's return to Italy.〔Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 1871. ''The Poets and Poetry of Europe, with Intr. and Biogr. Notices''. p. 526.〕〔Cornelius Conway Felton. 1871. ''The Poets and Poetry of Europe, with Intr. and Biogr. Notices''. p. 525.〕 ==Wrongly regarded as illiterate== Ludwig von Pastor has shown that Pope Julius II (1503–1513) was not illiterate, although he is poetically referred to as such by Desiderius Erasmus.〔Association Amici Thomae Mori. 1971. ''Moreana''. p. 103.〕〔Philip C. Dust. 1987. ''Three Renaissance Pacifists: Essays in the Theories of Erasmus''. p. 129.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Illiterate popes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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